The Assam State Museum is a remarkable cultural institution located in Guwahati, the largest city in the state of Assam, India. It offers visitors a deep dive into the rich history, art, culture, and heritage of Assam and the northeastern region of India. Whether you’re a history enthusiast, a cultural aficionado, or simply curious about the local traditions, the Assam State Museum is a must-visit.
This article will provide an in-depth guide to the Assam State Museum, including its history, what you can expect to see, the museum’s significance, and tips for visitors planning a trip.
A Brief History of the Assam State Museum
The Assam State Museum was established in 1940 by the Assam Government to preserve and showcase the rich cultural heritage of the region. It is located on the banks of the Brahmaputra River, in the heart of Guwahati, making it easily accessible to tourists and locals alike. The museum was founded by Kanklal Barua, who envisioned creating a space where the diverse ethnic and cultural traditions of Assam could be exhibited and celebrated.
Over the years, the museum has expanded and evolved, adding several galleries and exhibits that highlight the historical, artistic, and archaeological richness of Assam and the greater northeastern region of India. Today, it stands as one of the most important museums in the northeast, drawing both national and international tourists.
What to Expect at the Assam State Museum
The Assam State Museum is home to a vast collection of artifacts, ranging from archaeological relics to traditional crafts, ancient sculptures, and ethnographic exhibits. The museum is divided into different sections, each dedicated to a particular aspect of Assam’s culture, history, and art.
1. Archaeological Section
One of the key sections of the museum is its Archaeological Section, which displays relics and artifacts from ancient Assam and the surrounding areas. Here, you will find a wide variety of items, including pottery, stone tools, coins, and inscriptions that offer a glimpse into the lives of the people who once inhabited the region. These artifacts date back to as early as the Prehistoric era and span several dynasties and civilizations.
Among the most notable displays is a collection of bronze sculptures from the Chutiya and Ahom dynasties, which are testament to the artistic and technological advancements of these kingdoms. You can also explore the Ahom Kingdom’s history, which played a crucial role in the development of Assam as we know it today.
2. Ethnological Section
The Ethnological Section of the Assam State Museum is a treasure trove for those interested in the diverse tribal cultures of Assam. Assam is home to numerous indigenous tribes, each with its unique traditions, languages, and customs. In this section, you will find exhibits that showcase the lifestyles, crafts, and rituals of various ethnic groups, such as the Bodos, Misings, Karbis, Rabhas, and many others.
Traditional attire, jewelry, weapons, and utensils used by these tribes are displayed here, offering a detailed look into their way of life. This section highlights the rich diversity of the northeastern states and offers insight into the region’s cultural and social fabric.
3. Sculpture Gallery
For art lovers, the Sculpture Gallery is a must-visit. This gallery houses a collection of ancient sculptures and statues from different periods, primarily from the Hindu, Buddhist, and Vaishnavite traditions. These sculptures, many of which date back to the medieval and early modern periods, feature deities, saints, and mythical creatures.
Among the highlights of this gallery are the beautifully crafted stone and wood carvings, some of which date back to the Pala and Ahom periods. These artifacts reflect the intricate artistic skills of Assamese sculptors and are an important part of Assam’s rich cultural heritage.
4. Textile Section
Assam is renowned for its vibrant and rich textile traditions, especially its silk weaving industry, which includes the famous Muga silk and Eri silk. The Textile Section of the Assam State Museum displays an impressive collection of handwoven textiles, including saris, shawls, and mufflers made from Muga and Eri silk. You can also see traditional Assamese weaving techniques, such as the Assamese looms used to create intricate patterns.
In addition to textiles, this section also highlights the importance of dying techniques and the role that textiles play in the daily life and rituals of Assamese culture.
5. Numismatic Section
The Numismatic Section of the museum is dedicated to the study of coins, currency, and other forms of money used throughout Assam’s history. Here, you can explore ancient coins from various periods, including those minted during the reign of the Ahom dynasty, as well as coins from British India and earlier kingdoms in the region.
This section not only offers a glimpse into the economic history of Assam but also shows the artistic elements of coinage and the different materials used in coin minting.
6. Folk Art and Craft Section
The Folk Art and Craft Section at the Assam State Museum showcases the diverse artistic traditions of Assam, which range from wood carvings, paintings, bamboo crafts, and pottery to brass and silverwork. These traditional art forms have been passed down through generations and continue to play a vital role in the daily life of the people of Assam.
Here, you can also admire traditional Assamese masks, which are used in local Bihu dances and other folk performances. The masks are often beautifully painted and made from wood or bamboo, reflecting the rich folk traditions of the region.
Why is the Assam State Museum Important?
The Assam State Museum is not only a repository of historical and cultural artifacts but also an important center for research and education. By preserving the cultural history of Assam, it helps to promote a sense of pride and identity among the people of Assam. The museum is also a valuable resource for scholars and researchers studying the history, art, and culture of northeastern India.
For tourists, the museum offers an excellent opportunity to understand the region’s rich heritage, its people, and its place in the broader context of Indian history. It also serves as a great starting point for anyone interested in exploring Assam and its neighboring states.
The museum’s efforts in preserving the culture of the indigenous tribes of Assam also make it a critical space for understanding the impact of modernization on traditional cultures and how they continue to thrive in the 21st century.
Visitor Information: How to Reach and What to Expect
The Assam State Museum is located in the Dighalipukhuri area of Guwahati. It is easily accessible by public transport, including taxis and buses. Guwahati is well-connected to major cities in India by air, rail, and road, making the museum a convenient stop for visitors.
Entry Fees: The entry fee is modest, with discounts for students and children. It’s recommended to check the latest fee structure before visiting.
Opening Hours: The museum is open to visitors every day except for holidays. It typically operates from 10:00 AM to 5:00 PM.
Guides and Audio Tours: The museum offers audio guides and is staffed with knowledgeable guides who can help provide a deeper understanding of the exhibits.
Conclusion
The Assam State Museum is a cultural gem that provides a comprehensive look into the history, art, and traditions of Assam and the northeastern region of India. With its diverse collection of artifacts, sculptures, textiles, and ethnological displays, the museum offers a fascinating experience for visitors of all ages. Whether you’re interested in archaeology, folk art, or the history of Assam, the Assam State Museum is an essential stop for anyone wanting to learn about the cultural and historical heritage of this beautiful region.
A visit to the Assam State Museum will leave you with a deeper appreciation for the rich and diverse cultures of Assam, making it a must-see destination for tourists and locals alike.
veer pratap 
theneeladri bhaktaniwas 
Shivam kumar