Nestled in the breathtaking hills of the Western Ghats, Eravikulam National Park in Munnar, Kerala, is a pristine sanctuary of nature, celebrated for its stunning landscapes, unique wildlife, and ecological significance. A haven for nature lovers, adventure enthusiasts, and wildlife photographers, this park offers a rare glimpse of Kerala’s rich biodiversity. Whether you’re trekking its misty slopes or marveling at its diverse fauna, Eravikulam National Park is a must-visit destination for anyone exploring the natural beauty of South India.
The History and Significance of Eravikulam National Park
Established in 1978, Eravikulam National Park spans over 97 square kilometers in the Idukki District of Kerala. It was created to protect the endangered Nilgiri Tahr, a mountain goat endemic to the Western Ghats. The park is strategically located between the Anamudi Peak, the highest point in South India, and the lush Munnar Hills, providing a diverse range of habitats for both flora and fauna.
Eravikulam holds significant ecological value as part of the Western Ghats, which is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site due to its exceptional biodiversity. The park not only serves as a vital habitat for endangered species but also plays an important role in preserving the delicate ecosystem of this mountainous region.
Wildlife at Eravikulam National Park
Eravikulam National Park is best known for its rich wildlife, which includes a variety of mammals, birds, reptiles, and insects. The park’s diverse ecosystems—ranging from dense forests to grasslands—support an array of animals, some of which are rare and endemic to the region. Here’s a look at the prominent wildlife you can expect to encounter:
1. Nilgiri Tahr: The Star of Eravikulam
The Nilgiri Tahr is undoubtedly the star attraction of Eravikulam National Park. This endangered species of wild goat is found only in the higher altitudes of the Western Ghats. With its thick, rugged coat and curved horns, the Nilgiri Tahr is perfectly adapted to the cool and misty environment of the park. Eravikulam has played a significant role in the conservation of the Nilgiri Tahr, and its population has steadily increased due to the protection efforts in place. The majestic animals are often seen grazing on the slopes of the park, particularly around the Anamudi Peak and the Rajamalai hills.
2. Other Mammals
While the Nilgiri Tahr steals the spotlight, Eravikulam National Park is home to several other fascinating mammals, including the Indian Bison (Gaur), Leopard, Tiger, Wild Boar, and Sambar Deer. Though elusive and often difficult to spot, these animals roam freely in the park, adding to the charm and mystery of the wilderness. The Indian Bison is particularly common in the higher altitudes of the park, and sighting one of these massive animals is a thrilling experience for wildlife enthusiasts.
3. Birds of Eravikulam
Eravikulam National Park is also a birdwatcher’s paradise. The park is home to a variety of bird species, both endemic and migratory. Some of the notable birds found here include the Nilgiri Pipit, Malabar Whistling Thrush, Kerala Laughingthrush, Indian Vulture, and the Black Eagle. Birding enthusiasts will enjoy exploring the park’s forests and grasslands, where these birds can often be seen in their natural habitats.
4. Reptiles and Amphibians
The park’s diverse habitats also support a variety of reptiles and amphibians. You can find Indian Rock Pythons, King Cobras, and Water Snakes slithering through the park’s forests and wetlands. In addition, the park is home to various species of frogs and toads, which thrive in the cool, moist environment. These creatures play an essential role in maintaining the ecological balance of the park.
Flora: A Rich Tapestry of Vegetation
Eravikulam National Park’s flora is just as diverse and captivating as its fauna. The park is home to a range of plant species that thrive in its cool, temperate climate. The flora is divided into two primary types: Shola Forests and Grasslands.
1. Shola Forests
The Shola forests of Eravikulam are dense, evergreen woodlands that are home to a variety of flora, including species of trees such as eucalyptus, silver oak, and shola pines. These forests are typically found in the higher altitudes of the park and create a misty, cool environment. The Shola ecosystem is particularly important in preserving the region’s water resources and maintaining the park’s overall biodiversity.
2. Grasslands
Eravikulam National Park is also famous for its vast, sprawling grasslands, especially around the Rajamalai area, where the Nilgiri Tahr is often seen grazing. These grasslands are rich in native grasses and wildflowers, and during the monsoon, they come alive with a vibrant burst of color. The Neelakurinji, a rare flower that blooms once every 12 years, is one of the most famous flowers of Eravikulam, attracting tourists and photographers from around the world.
Best Time to Visit Eravikulam National Park
Eravikulam National Park can be visited year-round, but the best time to visit is between September and March, during Kerala’s winter season. The weather is cool and pleasant, making it ideal for trekking, wildlife spotting, and exploring the park’s various trails. The summer months (March to May) can be quite warm, although the park’s higher elevations still offer a cooler climate.
Monsoon Season (June-August)
The monsoon season, which lasts from June to August, brings heavy rainfall to the region. While the park is still open during this time, access may be restricted in certain areas due to slippery trails and the risk of landslides. For safety and better accessibility, it is advisable to avoid visiting during the monsoon months.
Visiting Eravikulam National Park: Things to Know
Entry Fees:
The entry fee for Eravikulam National Park is affordable, with separate charges for Indian and foreign nationals. Additionally, there are fees for vehicles, guides, and shuttle services. Foreign tourists are required to pay a higher fee, and it’s always best to check the updated fee structure before your visit.
Timings:
The park is generally open from 7:30 AM to 4:00 PM. It’s best to arrive early to enjoy a full day of exploration and to catch the early morning wildlife sightings.
Shuttle Service:
Due to the hilly terrain, visitors are not allowed to walk freely across the park. Instead, a shuttle service is provided to take visitors to the higher reaches of the park, from where they can enjoy panoramic views of the surrounding hills and valleys. The shuttle ride is comfortable, and it ensures that visitors are able to access the best spots for wildlife sightings.
Trekking:
Eravikulam offers several trekking routes, including the trek to Anamudi Peak, which is the highest point in South India. The trek is challenging but offers breathtaking views of the surrounding landscape. However, access to the peak is regulated, and permits are required.
Eravikulam National Park Photos: A Photographer’s Dream
The beauty of Eravikulam National Park is best captured in photos. From the breathtaking landscapes of mist-covered hills and verdant meadows to the vibrant wildlife, there are countless opportunities for photography. Some of the most iconic photos from the park include:
- Nilgiri Tahr grazing on the slopes of Rajamalai
- Panoramic views of the rolling grasslands and forests
- The blooming Neelakurinji flowers, which transform the hills into a sea of violet
- Wildlife shots of Sambar Deer, Leopards, and Indian Bison in their natural habitat
Conclusion: A Must-Visit Natural Paradise
Eravikulam National Park is not just a place to visit but a place to immerse yourself in nature. Whether you are an animal lover, a bird watcher, or someone who enjoys trekking through lush forests, Eravikulam offers something for everyone. Its combination of rich biodiversity, stunning landscapes, and tranquil atmosphere makes it a unique destination in Kerala. So, if you are planning a trip to Munnar, make sure to visit Eravikulam National Park to experience the untamed beauty of the Western Ghats and to catch a glimpse of one of India’s most remarkable natural sanctuaries.
Anchal Agrahari 
vikram singh 
veer pratap